Defines the building where you/they can come several forms of arts so much as a certain art form.
The Greek word Théatron establishes the spectator's physical place, " place where is going to see ". However the theater is also the place where the drama front happens the audience, real and imaginary complement that happens in the place of representação.Ele it appeared in Old Greece, in the century IV the. C. every reflection that has the drama as object needs to lean on in a triad, who sees, what sees him and imagined him. The theater is a phenomenon that exists in the spaces of the present and of the imalginário and in the individual and collective times that are formed in this space.
The theater is an art in that an actor, or actors' group, interprets a history or activities that have as objective to present a situation and awakening feelings in the audience.
Old Greece THE old theater of Delfos,(Grécia) .A consolidation of the theater, while show, in old Greece, gave him in function of the manifestations in honor to the god of the wine, Dionísio. To each new grape crop, a party was accomplished in gratefulness to the god, through processions.
With passing of the time, those processions, that they were known like " Ditirambos ", went being elaborated more and more, and the " directors of Choir ", the organizers of processions appeared. In the processions the participants sang, they danced and they presented several scenes of the peripécias of Dionísio and, in urban procession, they met 20 thousand people approximately, while in processions of rural places (country processions), the parties were smaller.
The first director of Choir was Téspis, that was invited by the tyrant Préstato to drive the procession of Athens. Téspis developed the use of masks to represent because, in reason of the great number of participants, it was impossible everybody they listen the reports, even so they coulded not visualisar the feeling of the scene for the masks.
The " Choir " was composed by the narrators of the history, that through representation, songs and dances, they told the character's histories. He was the middleman between the actor and the platéia, and he/she brought the thoughts and feelings to the tona, besides also bringing the conclusion of the piece. It could also have " Corifeu ", that was a representative of the choir that communicated with the platéia.
In one of those processions, Téspis innovated when arising in a " stage " (Thymele–altar), to answer to the choir, and like this, he/she became the first choir respondedor (hypócrites). In reason of that, the dialogues and Térpis appeared he/she became the first Greek actor. Theater in Brazil THE theater in Brazil appeared in the century XVI, tends as reason the propagation of the religious faith. Dentre some few authors, he/she stood out the priest José of Anchieta, that wrote some solemnities (old theatrical composition) that sought to the natives' catequização.
The transfer of the Portuguese court to Rio de Janeiro, in 1808, brought undeniable progress for the theater, consolidated by the Independence, in 1822. Actor João Caetano formed, in 1833, a Brazilian company. Its name is linked to two fundamental events of the history of the national dramaturgia: the premiere, on March 13, 1838, of the piece Antônio José or THE Poet and the Inquisition, of responsibility of Gonçalves of Magalhães, the first tragedy writing for a Brazilian and the only of national subject; and, on October 4, 1838, the premiere of the piece Paz's Judge in it Rubs it, of responsibility of Martins he/she Grieves, called " Brazilian " Molière at that time, that opened vein of the comedy of habits, the most characteristic gender of the Brazilian scenic tradition.
Gonçalves of Magalhães, when returning of Europe in 1867, introduced in Brazil the romantic influence, that would go nortear writers, poets and playwrights. Gonçalves Dias (romantic poet) it is one of the most representative authors of that time, and its piece " Leonor of Mendonça " he/she had high merits, being even today represented. Some novelists, like Machado of Assis, Joaquim Manuel of Macedo, José of Alencar, and poets as Álvares of Azevedo and Castro Alves, they also wrote plays.
It is important to highlight in Brazil the evolution reached by the street theater in cities as Porto Alegre and Minas Gerais for example. Theater in Portugal Gil Vicente (1465 - 1536?) the founder of the Portuguese theater is considered, in the century XVI. This, in its Farce of Almocreves, in 1526, speaks about Brazil.
António Ferreira (Lisbon, 1528 - 1569), he/she studied in Coimbra and it was also the most famous pupil of Sá of Miranda, having been one of the impulsionadores of the culture renascentista in Portugal. He/she wrote in 1587, the first tragedy of the classicism Portuguese renascentista, Castro, inspired by the loves of D. Pedro I and D. Inês of Castro, translated for English in 1597, and later on, for French and German.
D. José, king from Portugal, following its father's instructions, it inaugurated in Lisbon, to April 2, 1755, the Real Theater of Paço of the Riverside, more known by Opera of Tejo, placed the river close to, in a space among the Earthy actuais of Paço (Pç of the Trade) and you Drop of Sodré. It would be the most luxurious and innovative structure of the género in Europe, that would totally drop for earth with terrible Terramoto 1755 and just counting seven months of life.
Almeida Garrett (Porto, 1799 - Lisbon, 1854), it was a prominent writer and romantic playwright that it founded the General Conservatory of Dramatic Art, it built the National Theater D. Maria II in Lisbon and it organized the Inspecção-general of the Theaters, revolutionizing the politics cultural Portuguese completely starting from 1836, in the embers of the Liberal Wars. " Friar Luís of Sousa " is its larger work.
Already in the century XX found great names of the Portuguese literature to write for theater, as he/she is the case of Júlio Dantas, Raúl Brandão and Royal José. To the doors of the sixties the political context fomented a new intervention literature, that extends to the stages through Bernardo Santareno's names, Luiz Francisco Rebello, José Cardoso Pires and Luís of Sttau Monteiro, that produced great and intense works.
At this time it exists in Portugal a dominated theater above all for charismatic encenadores like Luís Miguel Cintra (Theater of the Cornucopia), João Mota and João Lourenço (Commune - Theater of Research), Jorge Silva Melo (United Artists) and Joaquim Benite (Company of Theater of Almada).
With great popularization we found the Festival of Almada, FITEI (Porto) and Citemor (Montemor-the-old), among other, that welcome the one that is made her in Theater in Portugal of best and in the world Goods theatrical Goods Theatrical Tragedy Comedy Theater of Fair Theater of Street Tragicomédia Drama Melodrama Melodrama in the theater Melodrama in the movies Melodrama in the radio Melodrama in television Opera Monologue Musical Reviewed Theater infantile Theater of Animação Farsa
